Scam warning
Fake Debt Collector
A caller says you owe money on an old loan, credit card or medical bill, sometimes one you've never heard of. They threaten arrest, a lawsuit or calls to your family unless you pay right now.
Also called: Phantom debt scam, Debt collection scam, Payday loan debt scam
The one thing to remember
Real debt collectors must send you the details in writing, and can't threaten to have you arrested. Ask for it in writing.
How it happens
- A caller says you owe a debt. They may know some of your personal details.
- They're aggressive and threaten jail, a lawsuit, or telling your employer or family.
- They refuse to send anything in writing.
- They want payment right away by gift card, wire, or prepaid card.
Warning signs
- Threats of arrest. You can't be arrested for owing ordinary debt.
- A debt you don't recognize.
- Refusing to give a company name, address or written notice.
- Demands for payment today, by unusual methods.
What to do
- Say: “Send me the details in writing.” Then hang up.
- Check your credit report for free at AnnualCreditReport.com.
- Learn your rights at consumerfinance.gov.
Last checked: October 31, 2026